The uncinate fasciculus (UF) is a hook-shaped long-range association white matter tract that serves to bidirectionally transmit information between the anterior temporal lobe and the orbitofrontal cortex. Neuroimaging studies have suggested that changes in UF microstructure are involved in the neurobiological sequalae of childhood abuse (CA). Given that the UF is not present in rodents, it is vastly understudied with no cellular and molecular information available. To this end, we aimed to perform a multimodal characterization of the UF between individuals diagnosed with depression who died by suicide with (DS-CA) and without a history of severe CA (DS) and psychiatrically healthy individuals (CTRL). Fresh frozen UF tissue was obtained from the Douglas Bell-Canada Brain Bank, with phenotypic information collected via psychological autopsy. Immunohistochemistry with PDGFR and NogoA was used to label oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) and oligodendrocyte (OL), respectively, and stereology was performed to ascertain cell density and soma volume. Single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) was used to generate a transcriptomic survey of the distinct cell types found in the UF. Finally, spectral focusing Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (sf-CARS) microscopy was employed in tandem with a custom AxonDeepSeg segmentation model to measure axon diameter, myelin thickness, and g-ratio. No group differences were observed in histology or ultrastructure metrics, but nearly 50 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified between groups. Interestingly NECTIN3, the top DEG downregulated in OL1 and OL3 of DS-CA, is a computationally predicted target of the microRNA MIR646, the host gene of which was significantly downregulated in multiple cell types in DS-CA. Age-associated c