The ability of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes to remain quiescent within the vertebrate host but poised for rapid onward development in the mosquito is an adaptation essential to maximise the onward spread of malaria. In this dormant state, mature infectious stage V gametocytes are largely unaffected by most antimalarial drugs and our limited understanding of how gametocytes prepare for mosquito transmission has hindered the identification of new molecular targets for transmission-blocking therapeutics. In this study, we move beyond the total proteome of gametocytes and define the translatome of mature stage V gametocytes using L-azidohomoalanine incorporation into nascent proteins, click chemistry purification and proteomic analysis. We identify the proteins and pathways that gametocytes sustain in preparation for transmission during this dormant period and through genetic disruption, we validate this approach by demonstrating the importance of parasite pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis for mosquito transmission.